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1.表語(yǔ)從句
在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的名詞性從句,放在系動(dòng)詞之后,一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句”??梢越颖碚Z(yǔ)從句的系動(dòng)詞有be,look,remain,seem等。
(1)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞
連接詞:that,whether(if不引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句),as if
The trouble is that she has lost his money.
The question is whether we really need their help.
It looked as if it was going to snow.
連接代詞:what,who,whom,which,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever等
The question is which of us should go.
The problem was who could do the work.
That’s what he is worrying about.
That’s what we should do.
連接副詞:when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever
Go and get your coat. It's where you left it.
That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.
(2)表語(yǔ)從句其他常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)
①The reason is that…
The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
②That is because …
That’s because we never thought of it.
③That is why…
That is why I cannot agree.
④It seems / looks as if
It seems as if he didn't know the answer.
2.同位語(yǔ)從句
(1)一般跟在某些名詞后面,用以說(shuō)明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。例:
I heard the news that our team had won.
I had no idea that you were here.
(2)常見(jiàn)的可以跟同位語(yǔ)從句的詞(抽象名詞):
news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word (消息),possibility等。例:
I’ve come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.
(3)同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
①同位語(yǔ)從句與前面的名詞是同位關(guān)系,說(shuō)明它前面名詞的內(nèi)容;屬于名詞性從句范疇。定語(yǔ)從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾關(guān)系,限定前面名詞范圍,屬于形容詞性從句范疇。
The news that I have passed the exam is true.
The news that he told me just now is true.
②引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that是連詞,在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成份,而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that是關(guān)系代詞,除了起連接作用外,還在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。例:
The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
The idea that he gave surprised many people.
【典型例題】
After _____ seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the manager’s office.
A. that B. if
C. what D. there
【答案】C。解析:考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意:好似無(wú)盡地等待之后,輪到他進(jìn)經(jīng)理辦公室了。該空位于介詞After之后,引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,后面的從句缺主句,應(yīng)用what。故選C。
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